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Description |
Sorafenib (BAY 43-9006) is a multikinase inhibitor of Raf-1 and B-Raf with IC50 of 6 nM and 22 nM in cell-free assays, respectively. Sorafenib inhibits VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3, PDGFR-β, Flt-3 and c-KIT with IC50 of 90 nM, 20 nM, 57 nM, 59 nM and 68 nM, respectively. Sorafenib induces autophagy and apoptosis and activates ferroptosis with anti-tumor activity. |
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In vitro |
Sorafenib inhibits both wild-type and V599E mutant B-Raf activity with IC50 of 22 nM and 38 nM, respectively. Sorafenib also potently inhibits mVEGFR2 (Flk-1), mVEGFR3, mPDGFRβ, Flt3, and c-Kit with IC50 of 15 nM, 20 nM, 57 nM, 58 nM, and 68 nM, respectively. Sorafenib weakly inhibits FGFR-1 with IC50 of 580 nM. Sorafenib tosylate is not active against ERK-1, MEK-1, EGFR, HER-2, IGFR-1, c-Met, PKB, PKA, cdk1/cyclinB, PKCα, PKCγ, and pim-1. Sorafenib markedly inhibits VEGFR2 phosphorylation in NIH 3T3 cells with IC50 of 30 nM, and Flt-3 phosphorylation in HEK-293 cells with IC50 of 20 nM. Sorafenib potently blocks MEK 1/2 and ERK 1/2 phosphorylation in most cell lines but not in A549 or H460 cells, while having no effect on inhibition of the PKB pathway. Sorafenib inhibits the proliferation of HAoSMC and MDA-MB-231 cells with IC50 of 0.28 μM and 2.6 μM, respectively. [1] In addition to inhibition of the RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway, Sorafenib significantly inhibits the phosphorylation of eIF4E and down-regulates Mcl-1 levels in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells in a MEK/ERK-independent manner. Sorafenib inhibits the proliferation of PLC/PRF/5 and HepG2 cells with IC50 of 6.3 μM and 4.5 μM, respectively, and leads to the significant induction of apoptosis. [2]
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In vivo |
Oral administration of Sorafenib (~60 mg/kg) demonstrates broad spectrum, dose-dependent anti-tumor activity against a variety of human tumor xenograft models including MDA-MB-231, Colo-205, HT-29, DLD-1, NCI-H460, and A549, with no evidence of toxicity. In association with the anti-tumor efficacy, Sorafenib treatment potently inhibits MEK 1/2 phosphorylation and pERK 1/2 levels in HT-29 and MDA-MB-231 xenografts but not in Colo-205 xenografts, and significantly suppresses tumor microvessel area (MVA) and microvessel density (MVD) in MDA MB-231, HT-29 and Colo-205 tumor xenografts. [1] Sorafenib treatment produces dose-dependent growth inhibition of PLC/PRF/5 tumor xenografts in SCID mice with TGIs of 49% and 78% at 10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg, respectively, consistent with the inhibition of ERK and eIF4E phosphorylation, reduction of the microvessel area, and induction of tumor cell apoptosis. [2] Sorafenib sensitizes bax-/- cells to TRAIL in a dose-dependent manner, through a mechanism involving down-regulating NF-κB mediated Mcl-1 and cIAP2 expression. Combining Sorafenib (30-60 mg/kg) with TRAIL (5 mg/kg) show dramatic efficacy in TRAIL-resistant HCT116 bax-/- and HT29 tumor xenografts. [3] |
China (Mainland)
